| Also known as | Abseiling |
| Uses | Device + locking carabiner + anchor |
| Backup | Prusik / autoblock friction hitch |
| Difficulty | Intermediate (requires instruction) |
From the French rappeler, 'to recall' or pull back — referring to retrieving the rope.
Rappelling, also called abseiling, is the technique of descending a rope in a controlled way using friction from a belay or rappel device. Climbers use it to get down from routes and anchors. Because it depends entirely on the system being built correctly, rappelling is a leading cause of climbing accidents and demands rigorous checks.
The word comes from the French rappeler, to recall — a reference to pulling the rope down after you.
How it works
The rope runs through a device on your harness; squeezing or releasing the brake strand controls your speed as you descend from an anchor.
Always back it up
A prusik or autoblock friction hitch on the brake strand will catch you if you lose control — a small step that prevents a common fatal error.
Common mistakes & safety
The deadliest errors are rappelling off the end of an un-knotted rope, trusting an incomplete anchor, and misthreading the device. Knot the rope ends, double-check the anchor and device, and use a backup every time. This article is educational and not a substitute for hands-on instruction from a qualified climbing instructor.
Frequently asked questions
What's the difference between rappelling and being lowered?
When you rappel, you control your own descent through a device attached to your harness. When you're lowered, your belayer controls the descent from the ground. Lowering is more common and arguably safer at single-pitch crags; rappelling is needed for multi-pitch descents.
Do you need a backup when rappelling?
A friction-hitch backup such as a prusik or autoblock is strongly recommended. It grips the rope and stops your descent if you lose control of the brake strand, for example if rockfall or a medical issue takes your hand off the rope.
Why is rappelling considered dangerous?
Unlike climbing, where protection backs you up, a rappel puts your full weight on a system you built yourself with no second check. Errors — rappelling off the end of the rope, an incomplete anchor, or misthreaded device — are often fatal, which is why checks and a backup are essential.
Sources
- Rappelling technique and self-rescue — American Alpine Club
- Descender technical notice — Petzl