| What it is | Zigzag up a steep slope |
| Purpose | Eases gradient, limits erosion |
| Etiquette | Never cut switchbacks |
| Difficulty | Beginner |
A switchback is a sharp zigzag in a trail that climbs a steep slope at a gentler angle, reversing direction repeatedly to ease the gradient. Switchbacks make steep terrain walkable and reduce erosion. Cutting straight across them — ‘cutting switchbacks’ — damages the trail and is discouraged.
Why trails zigzag
Spreading the elevation gain over a longer path keeps the gradient manageable and protects the slope from erosion.
Trail etiquette
Never cut switchbacks — the shortcut channels water and destroys the trail, a core Leave No Trace issue.
Frequently asked questions
What is a switchback?
A switchback is a section of trail that zigzags back and forth up a steep slope, reversing direction at each turn so the path climbs at a manageable angle instead of straight up the fall line. It makes steep terrain hikeable.
Why shouldn't you cut switchbacks?
Cutting straight across switchbacks creates a steep shortcut that channels water, accelerates erosion, scars the hillside, and eventually destroys the trail. Staying on the established switchback is a basic Leave No Trace practice.
Why do trails zigzag up hills?
Because climbing a slope directly would be exhausting, dangerously steep, and highly erosion-prone. Switchbacks spread the elevation gain over a longer, gentler path, protecting both hikers and the mountainside.
Sources
- Trail design and etiquette — Leave No Trace